Lesson 11

When traveling or living in Poland, knowing how to talk about your body and explain health issues can be incredibly useful. In this lesson, weโ€™ll cover body parts, useful phrases for a doctorโ€™s visit, and the Dative Case (Celownik), which is used for indirect objects in Polish.


1. Parts of the Body (Czฤ™ล›ci ciaล‚a)

Learning the names of body parts is essential for describing pain, talking about health, or simply expanding your vocabulary.

Common Body Parts

PolishEnglish
gล‚owahead
twarzface
oczyeyes
uszyears
nosnose
ustamouth
rฤ™kahand/arm
nogaleg
stopafoot
serceheart
ลผoล‚ฤ…dekstomach
plecyback
palcefingers

Example Sentences:

  • Boli mnie gล‚owa. (I have a headache.)
  • Mam bรณl brzucha. (I have a stomachache.)
  • Moje rฤ™ce sฤ… zimne. (My hands are cold.)

2. Essential Doctorโ€™s Visit Phrases (Wizyta u lekarza)

If you ever need to visit a doctor in Poland, these phrases will help you communicate effectively.

Explaining Symptoms

  • ลนle siฤ™ czujฤ™. โ€“ I donโ€™t feel well.
  • Boli mnieโ€ฆ [czฤ™ล›ฤ‡ ciaล‚a]. โ€“ My [body part] hurts.
  • Mam gorฤ…czkฤ™. โ€“ I have a fever.
  • Kaszlฤ™. โ€“ Iโ€™m coughing.
  • Mam alergiฤ™ na orzechy. โ€“ Iโ€™m allergic to nuts.

Doctorโ€™s Questions & Instructions

  • Co Pani/Panu dolega? โ€“ Whatโ€™s wrong? (formal)
  • Czy ma Pan/Pani jakieล› alergie? โ€“ Do you have any allergies? (formal)
  • Proszฤ™ oddychaฤ‡ gล‚ฤ™boko. โ€“ Please breathe deeply.
  • Musi Pan/Pani odpoczywaฤ‡. โ€“ You need to rest.
  • Przepiszฤ™ Panu/Pani lekarstwo. โ€“ I will prescribe you medicine.

3. Case 6: The Dative Case (Celownik) โ€“ Indirect Objects

The Dative Case (Celownik) is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence, often translating to “to/for someone” in English.

When Do We Use the Dative Case?

  1. Giving Something to Someone
    • Dajฤ™ lekarstwo dziecku. (I give medicine to the child.)
    • Kupujฤ™ prezent mojej mamie. (I buy a present for my mom.)
  2. Saying Something to Someone
    • Mรณwiฤ™ lekarzowi, co mnie boli. (I tell the doctor what hurts.)
    • Powiedziaล‚em koleลผance prawdฤ™. (I told my friend the truth.)
  3. Expressing How Someone Feels
    • Jest mi zimno. (I feel cold.)
    • Byล‚o jej smutno. (She felt sad.)

Dative Case Endings

SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativelekarz (doctor)mama (mom)dziecko (child)
Dativelekarzowimamiedziecku
PluralMasculine & Feminine
Nominativelekarze (doctors)
Dativelekarzom

Example Sentences:

  • Dajฤ™ lekarstwo lekarzowi. (I give medicine to the doctor.)
  • Mรณwiฤ™ pielฤ™gniarce, ลผe boli mnie gล‚owa. (I tell the nurse that I have a headache.)

๐ŸŽง Practice: Roleplay a Doctorโ€™s Visit

A great way to reinforce what youโ€™ve learned is to practice roleplaying a doctorโ€™s visit. Try saying:

  1. A patientโ€™s dialogue:
    • “Dzieล„ dobry, ลบle siฤ™ czujฤ™. Mam gorฤ…czkฤ™ i boli mnie brzuch.”
    • “Tak, kaszlฤ™ od trzech dni.”
    • “Nie mam alergii. Czy mogฤ™ dostaฤ‡ jakieล› lekarstwo?”
  2. A doctorโ€™s response:
    • “Dobrze, proszฤ™ oddychaฤ‡ gล‚ฤ™boko.”
    • “Musisz odpoczywaฤ‡ i piฤ‡ duลผo wody.”
    • “Przepiszฤ™ ci antybiotyk.”

Summary

  • Body Parts: Learn key vocabulary for talking about health.
  • Doctorโ€™s Visit Phrases: Useful expressions for medical situations.
  • Dative Case: Used for indirect objects, giving, and describing emotions.
  • Practice: Roleplay conversations to build fluency.

By practicing these phrases and understanding the Dative Case, youโ€™ll feel more confident communicating in Polish about health and medical situations. Keep learning and stay healthy! ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฑ


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