Lesson 4

Now that you can talk about your daily routine, it’s time to expand your skills by learning how to describe locations, possessions, and ask simple questions. In this lesson, we will cover essential Polish prepositions, possessive pronouns, and question words to help you build more natural sentences.

Step 1: Basic Prepositions (Przyimki)

Prepositions are small but powerful words that help indicate location, time, and relationships between objects. Here are some of the most commonly used Polish prepositions:

Preposition	Meaning	Example Sentence
w	in	Jestem w domu. (I am at home.)
na	on/at	Książka jest na stole. (The book is on the table.)
pod	under	Kot jest pod krzesłem. (The cat is under the chair.)
obok	next to	Sklep jest obok banku. (The store is next to the bank.)
przy	near	Siedzę przy oknie. (I am sitting near the window.)

📌 Practice Tip: Look around your room and try to describe where objects are using these prepositions.

Step 2: Possessive Pronouns (Zaimek dzierżawczy)

Possessive pronouns show ownership. In Polish, they change depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify.

Singular Possessive Pronouns:

Pronoun	Masculine Noun	Feminine Noun	Neuter Noun
mój	mój dom (my house)	moja książka (my book)	moje dziecko (my child)
twój	twój pies (your dog)	twoja torba (your bag)	twoje auto (your car)
jego	jego komputer (his computer)	jego siostra (his sister)	jego mieszkanie (his apartment)
jej	jej telefon (her phone)	jej mama (her mom)	jej biuro (her office)

Plural Possessive Pronouns:

Pronoun	Masculine Animate Noun	Masculine Inanimate/Feminine/Neuter Noun
nasz	nasz przyjaciel (our friend)	nasza szkoła (our school) / nasze miasto (our city)
wasz	wasz nauczyciel (your teacher)	wasza książka (your book) / wasze dziecko (your child)
ich	ich samochód (their car)	ich rodzina (their family) / ich mieszkanie (their apartment)

📌 Practice Tip: Write sentences about your belongings using possessive pronouns, e.g., To jest mój telefon. (This is my phone.)

Step 3: Question Words (Słowa pytające)

Asking questions is a key part of conversation. Here are the most important Polish question words:

Question Word	Meaning	Example Sentence
Kto?	Who?	Kto to jest? (Who is this?)
Co?	What?	Co robisz? (What are you doing?)
Gdzie?	Where?	Gdzie mieszkasz? (Where do you live?)
Kiedy?	When?	Kiedy masz urodziny? (When is your birthday?)
Dlaczego?	Why?	Dlaczego się uczysz polskiego? (Why are you learning Polish?)
Jak?	How?	Jak się masz? (How are you?)

📌 Practice Tip: Try forming your own questions and answering them in Polish.

Step 4: 🎧 Practice – Ask & Answer Simple Questions

Listen to Polish conversations. Find a simple Polish dialogue (e.g., YouTube, podcasts like Real Polish).
Practice speaking aloud. Ask yourself questions and answer them in Polish.
Try a conversation partner. Find a language buddy to practice asking and answering basic questions.

💡 Example Dialogue:

Gdzie mieszkasz? (Where do you live?)
Mieszkam w Warszawie. (I live in Warsaw.)
Jak się masz? (How are you?)
Dobrze, dziękuję. (Good, thank you.)

Conclusion: Keep Practicing Every Day!

Mastering prepositions, possessive pronouns, and question words will make your Polish conversations much smoother. Keep practicing daily by: ✅ Writing simple sentences using prepositions. ✅ Describing your belongings with possessive pronouns. ✅ Asking and answering questions out loud.

🌟 Next Step: In the next lesson, we will focus on forming negative sentences, using modal verbs (chcieć, móc, musieć), and practicing real-life dialogues!

Lesson 5