In this lesson, we will learn how to tell time in Polish, talk about days, months, and seasons, revisit daily routines, and introduce the Genitive Case (Dopełniacz), which is used for negation and expressing quantities.
Step 1: Telling Time (Która godzina?)
Knowing how to tell time in Polish is essential for daily life, from scheduling appointments to making plans.
🕒 How to Ask for the Time:
✅ Która godzina? (What time is it?) ✅ Jest godzina… (It is… o’clock.) ✅ Jest 10:30. (It is 10:30.) ✅ Jest wpół do jedenastej. (It is half past ten.) ✅ Jest pięć po trzeciej. (It is five past three.) ✅ Jest za dziesięć ósma. (It is ten to eight.)
📌 Practice Tip: Ask and answer questions about time throughout your day.
Step 2: Days, Months, & Seasons
Understanding how to talk about dates and seasons is crucial for making plans and discussing events.
📅 Days of the Week (Dni tygodnia):
| Polish | English |
|---|---|
| poniedziałek | Monday |
| wtorek | Tuesday |
| środa | Wednesday |
| czwartek | Thursday |
| piątek | Friday |
| sobota | Saturday |
| niedziela | Sunday |
📆 Months (Miesiące):
| Polish | English |
| styczeń | January |
| luty | February |
| marzec | March |
| kwiecień | April |
| maj | May |
| czerwiec | June |
| lipiec | July |
| sierpień | August |
| wrzesień | September |
| październik | October |
| listopad | November |
| grudzień | December |
🌞 Seasons (Pory roku):
✅ wiosna (spring) ✅ lato (summer) ✅ jesień (autumn) ✅ zima (winter)
📌 Practice Tip: Try saying today’s date in Polish: Dzisiaj jest poniedziałek, 3 lutego.
Step 3: Daily Routine Revisited
Talking about your daily routine helps reinforce verb conjugation and sentence structure.
⏰ Example Daily Routine Sentences:
✅ Wstaję o szóstej rano. (I wake up at six in the morning.) ✅ Jem śniadanie o siódmej. (I eat breakfast at seven.) ✅ Idę do pracy o ósmej. (I go to work at eight.) ✅ Wracam do domu o siedemnastej. (I return home at five p.m.) ✅ Idę spać o dwudziestej trzeciej. (I go to sleep at eleven p.m.)
📌 Practice Tip: Write a paragraph describing your daily routine in Polish.
Step 4: Case 4 – Genitive (Dopełniacz)
The Genitive Case (Dopełniacz) is used for:
- Negation (e.g., I don’t have…)
- Quantities (e.g., a lot of, some, none)
- Possession (e.g., Anna’s book)
🔹 When to Use Genitive:
✅ After negation:
- Nie mam czasu. (I don’t have time.)
- Nie widzę kota. (I don’t see the cat.)
✅ With quantities:
- Mam dużo pracy. (I have a lot of work.)
- Nie ma mleka. (There is no milk.)
✅ Possession:
- To jest książka Ani. (This is Anna’s book.)
- Samochód Marka jest nowy. (Marek’s car is new.)
🔹 How Nouns Change in Genitive:
| Gender | Nominative | Genitive |
| Masculine | kot | kota |
| Feminine | książka | książki |
| Neuter | mleko | mleka |
| Plural | psy | psów |
📌 Practice Tip: Make five sentences using Genitive case.
Step 5: 🎧 Practice – Plan Your Day in Polish
Activity 1: Listen & Repeat
🎧 Listen to a Polish podcast or video where people describe their day and try to repeat after them.
Activity 2: Plan Your Day
Write down your schedule in Polish using time, days, and Genitive case. Example:
📝 Jutro wstanę o szóstej. O ósmej pójdę do pracy. Po pracy spotkam się z przyjaciółmi. Wieczorem poczytam książkę.
Conclusion: Keep Practicing!
Talking about time and schedules is an essential skill. Keep practicing by: ✅ Asking and answering questions about the time. ✅ Writing your daily schedule in Polish. ✅ Listening to Polish speakers talk about their routines. ✅ Using the Genitive case in sentences.
🌟 Next Step: In the next lesson, we will learn about giving and receiving directions, transportation, and using the Instrumental case (Narzędnik)!
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